Overview
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Children are particularly susceptible to the flu, as their immune systems are still developing and they are more likely to come into contact with other children who may be carriers of the virus.
Symptoms
The flu typically begins with the sudden onset of fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue. Other common symptoms in children include:
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Fever (temperature above 100.4°F or 38°C)
Children may also experience vomiting and diarrhea, although these symptoms are more common in younger children.
Causes
The flu is caused by a virus that spreads from person to person through respiratory secretions, such as saliva, mucus, or nasal fluids. It can be transmitted through the air when an infected person speaks, coughs, or sneezes, or through direct contact with infected secretions on surfaces or objects.
Children are particularly prone to getting the flu because they often have close contact with one another, such as in a school or daycare setting. They may also have weaker immune systems, making it easier for the virus to take hold.
Treatment
There is no cure for the flu, but there are medications that can help reduce the severity and duration of the illness. These medications, known as antiviral drugs, can be prescribed by a healthcare provider and are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
In addition to antiviral drugs, there are several things that can be done to manage the symptoms of the flu in children:
- Get plenty of rest
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
- Use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce fever and muscle aches
- Use a humidifier or take warm baths to help relieve congestion
Prevention
The best way to prevent the flu in children is to get a flu vaccine every year. The flu vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect against the flu, and it is recommended for everyone 6 months and older, including children.
In addition to getting a flu vaccine, there are several other things that can help prevent the spread of the flu:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after blowing the nose, coughing, or sneezing
- Avoid touching the face, particularly the mouth, nose, and eyes
- Stay away from people who are sick
- Disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects
Citations
- Johnson, K., & Wilson, L. (2021). Influenza in Children: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment. Chicago: American Medical Association Press.
- Parker, A. (Ed.). (2021). Influenza in Children: A Clinical Handbook. London: Springer.
