Overview
IBS is a functional disorder, which means that it does not result from any structural or biochemical abnormalities in the body. It is a chronic condition that can cause significant discomfort and disruption to a child’s daily life. The exact cause of IBS is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.
Symptoms
The symptoms of IBS in children can vary, but they typically include abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Other symptoms may include gas, mucus in the stool, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement. Children with IBS may also experience anxiety, depression, and fatigue. These symptoms can be debilitating and can affect a child’s quality of life.
Causes
The exact cause of IBS in children is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some researchers believe that IBS may be caused by a dysfunction in the muscles of the intestinal wall, which leads to abnormal contractions and changes in the movement of food through the intestines. Others believe that IBS may be caused by an overactive immune system or an imbalance of gut bacteria.
Treatment
The treatment of IBS in children typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Some of the lifestyle changes that may be recommended include eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress. Medications that may be prescribed include antispasmodics, which can help to relax the muscles of the intestinal wall, and antidepressants, which can help to reduce anxiety and depression.
Prevention
Preventing IBS in children can be challenging, as the exact cause of the condition is not known. However, there are steps that parents can take to reduce the risk of IBS in their children. These include ensuring that their children eat a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and manage stress. Parents should also encourage their children to drink plenty of water and avoid foods that may trigger IBS symptoms, such as dairy products and high-fat foods.
Citations
- Chumpitazi, B. P., Shulman, R. J., & Walker, L. S. (2016). Irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 63(6), 711-718.
- Hyman, P. E., Milla, P. J., Benninga, M. A., Davidson, G. P., Fleisher, D. F., Taminiau, J., … & Shulman, R. J. (2006). Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology, 130(5), 1519-1526.
- Saps, M. (2015). Irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 44(4), 689-700.
- Sperber, A. D., & Di Lorenzo, C. (2015). Irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 44(4), 701-712.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2016). Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. NICE Clinical Guidelines, CG61.
