Conjunctivitis

Overview

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is a common eye condition that affects many children worldwide. It is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, and certain medical conditions. It is important to understand the symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention of conjunctivitis in children in order to manage and prevent this condition.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of conjunctivitis in children include:

• Redness in the eye
• Itching or burning sensation
• Watery or discharge from the eye
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Crusting of the eyelashes
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision

Causes

Conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:​

• Viral or bacterial infections: The most common cause of conjunctivitis is a viral or bacterial infection. These infections can be spread through contact with an infected person or through exposure to contaminated surfaces or objects.
• Allergies: Conjunctivitis can also be caused by allergies, such as hay fever or exposure to pollen, dust, or pet dander.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as dry eye or blepharitis, can increase the risk of developing conjunctivitis.

Treatment

Treatment for conjunctivitis will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. In most cases, the goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

• Antibiotics: If the conjunctivitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed in the form of eye drops or ointments.
• Anti-inflammatory medication: If the conjunctivitis is caused by an allergy, anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching.
• Artificial tears: These can be used to lubricate the eyes and reduce symptoms of dryness and discomfort.
• Cold compresses: Placing a cold compress on the affected eye can help to reduce redness and swelling.
• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes: This can spread the infection and further irritate the eyes.
• Discard any contact lenses or eye makeup: If a child wears contact lenses, they should be discarded and not worn until the infection has cleared. Any eye makeup should also be discarded as it can spread the infection.

Prevention

There are several steps that can be taken to prevent conjunctivitis, including:

• Handwashing: Proper handwashing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection.
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals: If someone in your household has conjunctivitis, try to avoid close contact with them until they have recovered.
• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes: This can spread the infection and further irritate the eyes.
• Discard any contact lenses or eye makeup: If a child wears contact lenses, they should be discarded and not worn until the infection has cleared. Any eye makeup should also be discarded as it can spread the infection.
• Managing allergies: Identify and avoid allergens to reduce the risk of developing conjunctivitis due to allergies.

Citations​

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Conjunctivitis. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/index.html